News: Current Status and Technological Trends of Bio-based Polyester Fibers

In the context of the global “Dual Carbon” goals, the chemical fiber industry, known for its high energy consumption and emissions, is undergoing a crucial green transformation. Bio-based polyester fibers have emerged as a key sustainable alternative to traditional petroleum-based fibers, achieving a leap from laboratory research to industrial application.A recent technical review titled “Current Status and Technological Trends of Bio-based Polyester Fibers” (published in Artificial Fibre, October 2025) highlights the significant progress and future potential of this sector. Here are the key takeaways relevant to the industry.

What are Bio-based Polyester Fibers?

These fibers are produced using monomers derived from biomass like corn starch, sugarcane, and straw. The core advantage is their significantly lower carbon footprint—reducing lifecycle carbon emissions by over 30% compared to conventional polyesters. They are categorized into two main types:

1. 1.Non-biodegradable Textile Fibers:​ Such as PTT, PDT, and bio-based PET. With melting points between 225-255°C, they are ideal for durable applications like sportswear, carpets, and automotive interiors.
2. 2.Biodegradable Fibers:​ Such as PBAT and PEF. These materials, with lower melting points, are primarily used for packaging, agricultural film, and specific textile applications. PEF, which can be 100% bio-based, offers inherent properties like UV resistance.

Key Technological Breakthroughs in China

China has established a complete industrial chain for bio-based polyesters, with notable advancements in:

• •Bio-based Monomers:​ Domestic production of key monomers like PDO (for PTT) and FDCA (for PEF) has been successfully industrialized. Companies like Huafon Group, Huafeng Biology, and Life Biosciences have built large-scale production facilities.
• •Polymerization Processes & Equipment:​ Innovations address the challenges of processing heat-sensitive bio-based monomers. Examples include low-temperature esterification processes and short-flow polymerization technologies developed by companies like Shanghai Juyou Chemical, which reduce energy consumption and improve product quality.

Market Potential and Industrialization

The domestic market is expanding rapidly. In 2024, China’s bio-based polyester capacity reached approximately 600,000 tons, accounting for about 40% of the total bio-based chemical fiber capacity. Major projects, such as Tongkun Group’s 50,000-ton PEF fiber facility, are accelerating adoption in textiles and home furnishings.Driven by policies and international regulations like the EU’s Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM), exports of Chinese bio-based fibers to Europe surged by 80% in 2024. The global market potential is enormous, with OECD predictions suggesting bio-based products could capture 35% of the chemical market by 2030.

Challenges and the Path Forward

Despite the progress, challenges remain:

• •Technical Bottlenecks:​ The high cost of monomers like FDCA and difficulties in producing 100% bio-based PTA hinder wider competitiveness.
• •Recycling Systems:​ Separating biodegradable fibers like PBAT from conventional polyester in blended products poses a challenge for creating a circular economy.

The review suggests a focused path forward:

1. 1.Intensify R&D:​ Breakthroughs in cost-effective monomer production (e.g., FDCA) and bio-based PTA alternatives are critical.
2. 2.Equipment Upgrade:​ Develop specialized polymerization systems tailored for bio-based feedstocks.
3. 3.Industry Collaboration:​ Foster alliances across the “monomer-equipment-application” chain and establish international standards to secure a leadership position in the green textile market.

Conclusion

Bio-based polyester fibers are poised to be a cornerstone of the textile industry’s sustainable future. With a strong foundation in technology and industrialization, China is well-positioned to transition from a technology follower to a global leader in this field, providing essential support for a low-carbon economy.